The Mediterranean and the mediterranean world in the age of Philip II : v.2. Volume II /
Формат: | Книга |
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Език: | English |
Публикувано: |
New York, :
Harper & Row,
1978.
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Подобни документи: |
Съдържа се в:
The Mediterranean and the mediterranean world in the age of Philip II |
Съдържание:
- Collective destinies and general trends
- Economies : the measure of the century
- Distance, the first enemy
- For letter-writers: the time lost in coming and going
- The dimensions of the sea : some record crossings
- Average speeds
- Letters : a special case
- News, a luxury commodity
- Present-day comparisons
- Empires and distance
- The three missions of Claude du Bourg (1576 and 1577)
- Distance and the economy
- Fairs, the supplementary network of economic life
- Local economies
- The quadrilateral : Genoa, Milan, Venice, and Florence
- How many people?
- A world of 60 or 70 million people
- Mediterranean waste lands
- A population increase of 100 per cent?
- Levels and indices
- Reservations and conclusions
- Confirmations and suggestions
- Some certainties
- Another indicator : migration
- Is it possible to construct a model of the Mediterranean economy?
- Agriculture, the major industry
- An industrial balance sheet
- The putting-out or ’Verlag’ system and the rise of urban industry
- The system prospered
- An itinerant labour force
- General and local trends
- The volume of commercial transactions
- The significance and limitations of long distance trade
- Capitalist concentrations
- The total tonnage of Mediterranean shipping
- Overland transport
- The state: the principal entrepreneur of the century
- Precious metals and the monetary economy
- Was one fifth of the population in great poverty?
- A provisional classification
- Food, a poor guide : officially rations were always adequate
- Can our calculations be checked?
- ^^
- Economies : precious metals, money, and prices
- The Mediterraneon and the Gold of the Sudan
- The flow of precious metals towards the east Sudanese gold : early history
- The Portuguese in Guinea: gold continues to arrive in the Mediterranean
- The gold trade and the general economic situation
- Sudanese gold in North Africa
- American sliver
- American and Spanish treasure
- American treasure takes the road to Antwerp
- The French detour
- The great route from Barcelona to Genoa and the second cycle of American treasure
- The Mediterranean invaded by Spanish coins
- Italy, the victim of ’la moneda larga’
- The age of the Genoese
- The Piacenza fairs
- The reign of paper
- From the last state bankruptcy under Philip II to the first under Philip III
- The rise in prices
- Contemporary complaints
- Was American treasure responsible?
- Some arguments for and against American responsibility wages
- Income from land
- Banks and inflation
- The ’industrialists’
- States and the price rise
- The dwindling of American treasure
- Devalued currency and false currency
- Three ages of metal
- Economies : trade and transport
- The pepper trade
- Mediterranean revenge : the prosperity of the Red Sea after 1550
- Routes taken by the Levant trade
- The revival of the Portuguese pepper trade
- Portuguese pepper : deals and projects
- Portuguese pepper is offered to Venice
- The Welser and Fugger contract : 1586-1591
- The survival of the Levantine spice routes
- Possible explanations
- Equilibrium and crisis in the Mediterranean gain trade
- The cereals
- Some rules of the grain trade
- The grain trade and the shipping routes
- ^^
- Ports and countries that exported grain
- Eastern grain
- Equilibrium, crisis, and vicissitudes in the grain trade
- The first crises : northern grain at Lisbon and Seville
- The Turkish wheat boom : 1548-1564
- Eating home-produced bread : Italy’s situation between 1564 and 1590
- The last crisis : imports from the north after 1500
- Sicily : still the grain store of the Mediterranean
- On grain cries
- Trade and transport : The sailing ships of the Atlantic
- Before 1550 : the first arrivals
- Basque, Biscayan, and even Galician ships
- The Portuguese
- Normans and Bretons
- Flemish ships
- The first English sailing ships
- The period of prosperity (1511-1534)
- From 1550 to 1573 : the Mediterranean left to Mediterranean ships
- The return of the English in 1572-1573
- Anglo-Turkish negotiations : 1578-1583
- The success of English shipping
- The situation at the end of the century
- The arrival of the Hansards and the Dutch
- From grain to spices : The Dutch conquer the Mediterranean
- How the Dutch took Seville after 1570 without firing a shot
- New Christians in the Mediterranean.