Съдържание:
  • Cover
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • CHAPTER 1 Introduction
  • I. Why Aim for Literacy?
  • II. Literacy and Severe Speech Impairment
  • III. Organization of this Book
  • CHAPTER 2 The Process of Reading and Writing
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Models of Reading and Writing
  • A. Ingredients of Literacy
  • B. Processes of Fluent Reading
  • III. What Does It Mean to Be a Competent Reader-Writer?
  • A. The Impact of Phonological Awareness on Literacy
  • B. The Impact of Literacy on Phonological Processing
  • C. The Influence of Orthography Type on Phonological Processing
  • IV. Summary
  • CHAPTER 3 Literacy Learning
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Stage Theories of Literacy Development
  • A. Developmental Stages in Reading
  • B. Developmental Stages in Spelling
  • C. Writing Development
  • III. Are Stage Theories Helpful?
  • IV. How Do Children Learn to Read and Write?
  • A. Partnership of Factors
  • B. Language Skills and Reading
  • V. Developing the Ingredients
  • VI. Summary
  • CHAPTER 4 Literacy and Augmentative and Alternative Communication
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Case Examples
  • III. Intrinsic Factors to Consider
  • A. Physical Impairment
  • B. Sensory/Perceptual Impairment
  • C. Communication Difficulties
  • D. Cognitive Impairment
  • IV. Extrinsic Factors to Consider
  • A. Home Environment
  • B. School Environment
  • V. Ingredients of Literacy for AAC Users
  • A. The Learning Context
  • B. The Language Context
  • C. The Print Context
  • VI. Myths Revisited
  • A. Myth 1
  • B. Myth 2
  • VII. Summary
  • CHAPTER 5 Assessment Principles
  • I. Introduction
  • II. General Principles of Assessment
  • A. Literacy as an Integration of Skills
  • B. The Focus of Assessment
  • C. Literacy as a Goal-Driven Activity
  • D. Literacy as a Developmental Process
  • E. Implications of Assessment Activities
  • III. Summary
  • CHAPTER 6 The Practicalities of Assessment
  • I. Introduction
  • II. A Possible Model
  • III. Tools and Approaches
  • A. Qualitative Approaches
  • B. Quantitative Approaches
  • IV. Assessment of Language-Related Skills
  • A. Vocabulary Knowledge
  • B. Comprehension of Syntax
  • C. Pragmatic Knowledge
  • D. Name Encoding and Name Retrieval
  • V. Assessment of Metalinguistic Awareness
  • A. Phonological Awareness
  • B. Morphological Awareness
  • VI. Assessment of Reading Skills
  • A. Formal Measures of Reading
  • B. Additional Materials Reported
  • VII. Spelling and Writing Assessments
  • A. Spelling and Writing Tasks
  • VIII. Summary and Conclusions
  • CHAPTER 7 Principles of Intervention
  • I. Introduction
  • II. Contexts for Consideration
  • A. The Learning Context
  • B. The Language Context
  • C. The Print Context
  • III. General Principles
  • A. Defining Good Intervention
  • B. The Assessment Bias
  • C. Contrasting Developmental and Functional Frameworks
  • D. Considering Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
  • IV. AAC Literacy and Print Literacy
  • V.A Framework for Intervention: Participation
  • VI. Approaches to Instruction
  • VII. Specific Applications
  • VIII. Summary and Conclusions
  • Chapter 8 Some Practicalities: SCRAWLing a Path to Literacy
  • Chapter 9 The Role of Technology
  • Chapter 10. Planning the Way Forward.