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The dissertation deals with isolation and characterization of the Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix group of neutrophilic iron bacteria and possibilities of applications of the biogenic iron oxides/hydroxides formed. The insoluble iron oxides/hydroxides formed by these bacteria after oxidation of ferrous iron at neutral pH are deposited on the bacterial surface and some genera produce specific formations called sheaths. These structures, as well as the oxides/hydroxides, are of great interest for application in various nanotechnological, biomedical and bioengineering applications, such as adsorbents, detoxification of biological fluids etc. The greatest challenge in this area is to produce biocompatible nanosized iron oxides/hydroxides with superparamagnetic properties for application in micro- and nanoelectronics meeting the strict requirements in these fields. Despite the interest in these bacteria, there are still many uncertainties in their biology related to the lack of sufficient information and efficient procedures for their isolation in pure cultures, optimal conditions for their cultivation under laboratory conditions and application of reliable criteria for species determination of these organisms are particularly important and relevant. The studies in this thesis are related to these current issues.
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