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The PhD thesis aims to formulate a consistent understanding of the organic body in Leibnizs philosophy and is based on the previously published primary texts together with the leading contemporary interpretations. The fundamental characteristics of the organic body are examined by a combined approach of the history of philosophy and the systematic conceptual analysis and within disciplines such as ontology, ontological "anatomy", dynamics, teleology, physiology, ethology, philosophy of medicine and applied medicine. The main thesis is that Leibniz develops a complete doctrine of the organic body and its unity (or individuality) and activity (or development) are guaranteed by the reality of the corporeal substance. This substance is explained through the meta-category of life as a result of introduction of infinity of possibilities into a limited spatial-temporal framework of the realized possibility. As for the very possibility of such a body to be known, it is justified by the supposing of the empirical method of knowledge. Therefore, two classical interpretations of Leibniz are confronted - one of them defines him as a metaphysical idealist, another one identifies him as a gnoseological rationalist. However, the ultimate goal is not to repudiate them, but rather to outline their limits of validity, as well as to enrich the traditional image of the German philosopher with regard to the category of life and the main characteristic of the living, i.e. its historicity.
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